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Judith Fingeret Krug (March 15, 1940 – April 11, 2009) was an American librarian, supporter of freedom of speech, and prominent critic of censorship. Krug became Director of the Office for Intellectual Freedom at the American Library Association in 1967. In 1969, she joined the Freedom to Read Foundation as its Executive Director. Krug co-founded Banned Books Week in 1982. She coordinated the effort against the Communications Decency Act of 1996, which was the first attempt by the United States Congress to introduce a form of censorship of speech on the Internet. Krug strongly opposed the notion that libraries should censor the material that they provide to patrons. She supported laws and policies protecting the confidentiality of library use records. When the United States Department of Justice used the authority of the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 to conduct searches of what once were confidential library databases, Krug raised a public outcry against this activity by the government. In 2003, she was the leader of the initiative to challenge the constitutionality of the Children's Internet Protection Act. Her efforts led to a partial victory for anti-censorship campaigners; the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the law was constitutional, but that filtering software on computers in public libraries could be turned off if so requested by an adult guardian. Krug warned that the filters used to censor Internet pornography from children were not perfect and risked blocking educational information about social matters, sexuality, and healthcare. ==Early life and education== Krug was born Judith Fingeret in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on March 15, 1940.〔〔 Her interest in freedom of speech was fostered from an early age.〔〔 She recalled reading a book about sex education under the covers in her bedroom with a flashlight at the age of 12.〔 Her mother found her and asked what she was doing.〔 When she held up the book, her mother allowed her to continue reading and told her to turn on the bedroom light so she could read properly and avoid damage to her eyes.〔 Krug studied for a Bachelor of Arts degree at the University of Pittsburgh and graduated in 1962.〔 She received a Master of Arts degree in library science from the Graduate Library School of the University of Chicago.〔〔 Her Master's thesis compared indexing methodologies for accessing works of literature. She married Herbert Krug in 1964; they had two children and five grandchildren.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Judith Krug」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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